rman备份 -1.进入linux系统175(要备份的目标服务器)

-2.切换到oracle用户下 su - oracle

-3.创建一个放rman的目录 mkdir /oradata/rman

-4.创建一个查看rman备份日志的目录 mkdir /oradata/rman/rman_log

-4.创建一个存放rman备份文件的目录 mkdir /oradata/rman/rman_backup

-5.连接rman rman target /

-6.查看rman所能涉及到的相关参数 show all -6.1.输入命令 retention policy to redundancy 3; #策略配置为冗余3 -6.2.输入命令 controlfile autobackup on;

-7.退出 exit

-8.创建shell脚步 vi /oradata/rman/full.sh

#!/bin/bash . ~/.bash_profile export nls_date_format=‘yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi’

echo ’----------------------------------’>>/home/oracle/rman/rman_full.log echo ‘start full backup at ‘date +%y-%m-%d:%h:%m:%s >>/home/oracle/rman/rman_full.log echo ’----------------------------------’>>/home/oracle/rman/rman_full.log

rman target / nocatalog log /home/oracle/rman/rman_full.log append<<eof run{ allocate channel c1 type disk; allocate channel c2 type disk; allocate channel c3 type disk; allocate channel c4 type disk; crosscheck backup; delete noprompt expired backup; crosscheck archivelog all; delete noprompt expired archivelog all; backup as compressed backupset database format ‘/home/oracle/rman/full_%d_%t_%s_%p’; sql ‘alter system archive log current’; sql ‘alter system archive log current’; backup archivelog all delete input format ‘/home/oracle/rman/arch_%d_%t_%s_%p’; backup current controlfile format ‘/home/oracle/rman/ctl_%d_%t_%s_%p’; backup spfile format ‘/home/oracle/rman/%d_%u.spfile’ ; report obsolete; delete noprompt obsolete; release channel c1; release channel c2; release channel c3; release channel c4; } eof

-9.验证,再打开一个窗口进到175 tail -f /oradata/rman/rman_log/rman_full.log

-10.执行脚步 sh /oradata/rman/full.sh &

验证 第9步或完成脚本后查看/oradata/rman/rman_log/rman_full.log文件

回退 无更改操作,不需要回退

delete expired删除的是那些本来RMAN以为存在但是实际上在磁盘或者磁带上已经被删除了的信息，删除的只是RMAN资料库中的记录； delete obsolete则删除旧于备份保留策略定义的备份数据同时也更新RMAN资料库以及控制文件。 ######################################部署定时需要的脚本######################################

1.编辑/home/oracle/backup/backup.sh脚本 vi /home/oracle/backup/backup.sh

if [ # -eq 0] then WORKDATE=`date +'%Y-%m-%d'` else WORKDATE=1 fi

echo “Begin Backup---------------------------------” date cd —若为aix系统,则是. ~/.profile . ~/.bash_profile —若为远程备份,则是rman target /@需要备份的库的tns catalog /@本机tns cmdfile /home/oracle/backup/backup.sql —该方法适用于从远程获取其他数据库rman备份文件 rman target / cmdfile /home/oracle/backup/backup.sql RETCODE=$? date if [ "$RETCODE”=“0” ] then echo “end backup successfully” else echo “#######end backup in error! please check the rman log!########” fi

2.编辑/home/oracle/backup/backup.sql脚本 vi /home/oracle/backup/backup.sql

run{ allocate channel c1 type disk; allocate channel c2 type disk; allocate channel c3 type disk; allocate channel c4 type disk; delete noprompt archivelog until time ‘sysdate-7’; backup as compressed backupset database format ‘/home/oracle/rman/DB_%d_%U_%T.bak’; sql ‘alter system switch logfile’; sql ‘alter system switch logfile’; release channel c1; release channel c2; release channel c3; release channel c4; } change archivelog all crosscheck; run{ allocate channel ch1 device type disk; backup current controlfile format ‘/home/oracle/rman/CTL_%d_%U_%T.bak’; release channel ch1; } run{ allocate channel dev1 type disk; allocate channel dev2 type disk; sql ‘alter system checkpoint’; sql ‘alter system switch logfile’; backup as compressed backupset archivelog all delete input format ‘/home/oracle/rman/LOG_%d_%U_%T.bak’; release channel dev1; release channel dev2; } change archivelog all crosscheck; delete noprompt archivelog until time ‘sysdate-3’; change archivelog all crosscheck; crosscheck backup; delete expired backup; report obsolete; delete obsolete;

3.授权执行,加入定时任务设置晚上10点,追踪日志 nohup /home/oracle/backup/backup.sh >> backup.log &

crontab -e

• 22 * * * /home/oracle/backup/backup.sh >> backup.log

tail -f backup.log

##############################################脚本报错处理############################################## 执行delete obsolete;时报错,原因是在执行show all;的时候, CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO ‘/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/snapcf_db1.f’; # default 以上控制文件不存在,重新设置控制文件即可

RMAN-03009: failure of delete command on ORA_DISK_4 channel at 11/01/2022 13:55:45 ORA-19606: Cannot copy or restore to snapshot control file 或者 RMAN-03009: failure of delete command on ORA_DISK_4 channel at 11/01/2022 13:55:45 ORA-00245: control file backup failed; target is likely on a local file system

解决办法：重建 snapshot controlfile文件

1、重命名SNAPSHOT控制文件

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RMAN> configure snapshot controlfile name TO '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbs/snapcf_aps.f_bak'; # default

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RMAN> backup tablespace system tag=system_tbs_bak;

2、crosscheck controlfilecopy快照控制文件

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RMAN> crosscheck controlfilecopy '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbs/snapcf_aps.f';

3、删除过期controlfilecopy快照控制文件

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RMAN> delete expired controlfilecopy '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbs/snapcf_aps.f';

4、配置默认快照控制文件

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RMAN> configure snapshot controlfile name clear;